WCF 实例 —— Android 短信助手 (WCF + Android) (2)

[Android端源码下载]
前面一篇重点介绍了服务端的代码，接下来说明下Android客户端的代码，先上张图，客户端的功能组合一目了然。

1) 准备：
android里对于应用的权限控制有着严格的限制，因此根据不同的使用目的，需要在 AndroidManifest.xml 里添加用户权限(uses-permission)。在这个应用里使用了Internet访问，读取短信，发送短信，查询联系人4个主要的功能，所以提前添加下面4个权限:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"></uses-permission>

2) Android Http交互

Http交互当然首选org.apache.http下强大的HttpClient 类，这里先包装下封装了基本的调用方法 —— doGet 和 doPost
其中 doPost 传入 Xml/Json 字符串，按照指定的 ContentType 发出请求。

package android.study.TestApp5_SmsApp;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.params.HttpClientParams;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import android.util.Log;
public class WebClient {
	
	private String encode;
	private HttpClient httpClient;
	private HttpParams httpParams;
	private int timeout;
	private int bufferSize;
	private static final String TAG = "WebClient";
	
	public WebClient() {
		timeout = 20 * 1000;
		bufferSize = 8192;
		encode = "UTF-8";
		httpParams = new BasicHttpParams();
		HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, timeout);
		HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, timeout);
		HttpConnectionParams.setSocketBufferSize(httpParams, bufferSize);
		HttpClientParams.setRedirecting(httpParams, true);
		httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(httpParams);
	}
	public String doGet(String url) throws Exception {
		return doGet(url, null);
	}
	
	public String doPost(String url) throws Exception {
		return doPost(url, null);
	}
	
	public String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> params) 
		throws Exception {
		// 添加QueryString
		String paramStr = "";
		if (params != null) {
			Iterator<Entry<String, String>> iter = params.entrySet().iterator();
			while(iter.hasNext()) {
				Entry<String, String> entry = (Entry<String, String>)iter.next();
				paramStr += "&" + entry.getKey() + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), encode);
			}
			if (paramStr.length() > 0)
				paramStr.replaceFirst("&", "?");
			url += paramStr;
		}
		// 创建HttpGet对象
		HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
		try {
			String strResp = "";
			// 发起请求
			Log.v(TAG, "doGet:" + url);
			HttpResponse resp = httpClient.execute(get);
			if (resp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK)
				strResp = EntityUtils.toString(resp.getEntity());
			else
				// 如果返回的StatusCode不是OK则抛异常
				throw new Exception("Error Response:" + resp.getStatusLine().toString());
			return strResp;
		}
		finally {
			get.abort();
		}
	}
	
	public String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> params) 
		throws Exception {
        // POST参数组装
        List<NameValuePair> data = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        if (params != null) {
			Iterator<Entry<String, String>> iter = params.entrySet().iterator();
			while(iter.hasNext()) {
				Entry<String, String> entry = (Entry<String, String>)iter.next();
				data.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
			}
		}
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
        try  {
	        // 添加请求参数到请求对象 
	        if (params != null)
	        	post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(data, HTTP.UTF_8));
	    	// 发起请求
	        Log.v(TAG, "doPost:" + url);
	        HttpResponse resp = httpClient.execute(post);
	        String strResp = "";
	        if (resp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK)
	        	strResp = EntityUtils.toString(resp.getEntity());
	        else
	        	// 如果返回的StatusCode不是OK则抛异常
	        	throw new Exception("Error Response:" + resp.getStatusLine().toString());
	        return strResp;
        }
        finally {
        	post.abort();
        }
    }
	
    /**
     * @param url - 需要访问的address
     * @param data - Request的内容字符串
     * @param contentType - Request的ContentType
     * @return Response的字符串
     * @throws Exception
     */
	public String doPost(String url, String data, String contentType) 
		throws Exception {
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
        try  {
        	// 添加请求参数到请求对象
        	StringEntity se = new StringEntity(data, HTTP.UTF_8);
        	se.setContentType(contentType);
        	post.setEntity(se);
	    	// 发起请求
        	Log.v(TAG, "doPost:" + url);
	        HttpResponse resp = httpClient.execute(post);
	        String strResp = "";
	        if (resp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK)
	        	strResp = EntityUtils.toString(resp.getEntity());
	        else
	        	// 如果返回的StatusCode不是OK则抛异常
	        	throw new Exception("Error Response:" + resp.getStatusLine().toString());
	        return strResp;
        }
        finally {
        	post.abort();
        }
	}
}

3) Android Timer 的使用：（下面的代码并非实际顺序，整体代码看最后贴出来的代码）
在这个小程序里，启动后点击Button启动Timer，然后再次点击则关闭Timer(Timer.cancel)。
android timer 需要设定它的schedule，下面代码中 schedule传入的是一个 TimerTask 匿名类，它重写了run()方法。
相当于.net里的 Tick 事件处理方法。
【功能说明】在Timer中调用 doGet 方法，从WCF服务端取要发送的短信，利用SmsManager发送短信并记录LOG呈现在UI上。

// 启动Timer
			mTimer = new Timer();
			mTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
				@Override
				public void run() {
					// 发送
					SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
					String tickInfo = df.format(new Date()).toString();
					SimpleDateFormat dfForLog = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
					String runtimeInfo = "(" + dfForLog.format(new Date()).toString() + ")";
					Message msg = new Message();
					msg.what = 0;
					try {
						// 获取要发送的短信
						WebClient client = new WebClient();
						String result = client.doGet(mServerBaseUrl + GET_DATA);
						if (result.length() > 0) {
							JSONObject json = new JSONObject(result);
							String phone = json.getString("Phone");
							String content = json.getString("Content");
							sendSms(phone, content);
							msg.what = 1;
							runtimeInfo += "[S][OK]" + phone + ":" + content;
						}
					} catch (Exception e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
						msg.what = 1;
						runtimeInfo += "[S][ERR]" + e.getMessage();
					}
					Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
					bundle.putString("tickInfo", tickInfo);
					bundle.putString("runtimeInfo", runtimeInfo);
					msg.setData(bundle);
					mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
				}
			}, 1000, 10000); // 延迟1000ms启动，每10000ms运行一次

和.net一样，在Timer(线程)里不能直接对UI进行操作，需要向Handler 发消息，让 Handler 通过重写handleMessage() 方法实现对UI的更新。Timer里new一个Message,再放入一个Bundle对象，Bundle就像个容器放什么都可以。而Message.what(int型)可以利用来做标志位。

// 定义Handler
        mHandler = new Handler() {
	        @Override
	        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
	            super.handleMessage(msg);
	            //handler处理消息
	            mTxtRuntimeInfo.setText(msg.getData().getString("tickInfo"));
	            if(msg.what > 0){
	                //在handler里更改UI组件
	            	String runtimeInfo = msg.getData().getString("runtimeInfo");
	            	if (runtimeInfo.length() > 0) {
	            		if (mLogQueue.size() > 10)
	            			mLogQueue.poll();
	            		
	            		String strLog = msg.getData().getString("runtimeInfo");
	            		mLogQueue.offer(strLog);
	            		mTxtLog.setText("");
		            	for(int i = mLogQueue.size()-1; i>0; i--) {
		            		mTxtLog.append(mLogQueue.get(i));
		            		mTxtLog.append("/n---------/n");
		            	}
	            	}
	                //timer.cancel();
	            }
	        }
        };

4) Android 的短信拦截
android中当系统收到短信会对所有应用发出广播，通过注册BroadcastReceiver的实例再重写onReceive方法就可以收听到收到的短信。(Tip：利用java中内部类可以访问外部类实例成员的特性(C#中不能)，可以简化不少编码量，下面的代码中直接调用了mHandler类成员)
【功能说明】当收到一条短信则调用 doPost 方法将短信发送给WCF服务端，并记录LOG呈现在UI上。

// 实现一个 BroadcastReceiver，用于接收指定的 Broadcast
    // 调用 SetData 传输到 WCF 端
    public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    	private static final String ACTION_NAME = "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED";
    	
	    @Override
	    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
	    	SimpleDateFormat dfForLog = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
			String runtimeInfo = "(" + dfForLog.format(new Date()).toString() + ")";
			Message msg = new Message();
			msg.what = 0;
	    	try {
				if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION_NAME)) {
						 Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
						 if (bundle != null) {
							 Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
							 SmsMessage[] sms = new SmsMessage[pdus.length];
							 for (int i = 0; i < pdus.length; i++) {
								 sms[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) pdus[i]);
							 }
							 // 获取短信内容
							 String phone = "";
							 String content = "";
							 String name = "";
							 for (SmsMessage currMsg : sms) {
								 phone = currMsg.getDisplayOriginatingAddress();
								 content = currMsg.getDisplayMessageBody();
							 }
							 phone = phone.replace("+86", "");
							 // 查询联系人
							 Cursor curr = managedQuery(People.CONTENT_URI, 
									           new String[] { People.NAME },  
										       People.NUMBER + " like ?",   
										       new String[] { "%" + phone },  
										       People.NAME                    
									       );
							 if (curr.moveToFirst()) {
								 name = curr.getString(0);
							 }
							 // 将数据传到WCF端
							 WebClient client = new WebClient();
							 JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
							 json.put("Phone", phone);
							 json.put("Content", content);
							 json.put("Name", name);
							 String result = client.doPost(mServerBaseUrl + SET_DATA, 
									 json.toString(), "application/json");
							 msg.what = 1;
							 runtimeInfo += "[G][OK]" + phone + "(" + name + "):" + content;
						 }
				  }
	    	} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				msg.what = 1;
				runtimeInfo += "[G][Err]" + e.getMessage();
			}
			Bundle bundle1 = new Bundle();
			bundle1.putString("runtimeInfo", runtimeInfo);
			msg.setData(bundle1);
			mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
	  }

5) Android 中的Json序列化和反序列化
在上面两段代码中(Timer和Receiver)，可以看到Json的序列化和反序列化的代码：
5-1) 序列化成json字符串：

JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("Phone", phone);
json.put("Content", content);
json.put("Name", name);
String strJson = json.toString();

5-2) 反序列化成字典：

JSONObject json = new JSONObject(result);
String phone = json.getString("Phone");
String content = json.getString("Content");

6) 联系人查询
这里使用的是 Activity.managedQuery() 方法，网上的说明很多了这里不一一累述。

 // 查询联系人
 Cursor curr = managedQuery(People.CONTENT_URI, 
		            new String[] { People.NAME },  
			    People.NUMBER + " like ?",     
			    new String[] { "%" + phone },  
			    People.NAME                    
		       );
 if (curr.moveToFirst()) {
	 name = curr.getString(0);
 }

吼吼，客户端也介绍完了。再分享一些测试心得，希望能帮助到和我一样的新手们:)
7) android测试经验分享
(1) android 模拟器每次启动都很耗时，但实际不用每次都启动。修改代码保存后断开和模拟器的连接，修改后再Debug启动就可以了。
(2) 短信/电话拨打测试使用 telnet(windows7需要先在windows组件中安装telnet组件)。然后就可以按照如下进行短信测试了。
cmd > telnet localhost 5554
sms send <PhoneNo> <content>

(3) 利用 LogCat 帮助你快速发现bug。log4j,log4net大家都很常用了，在android下提供了更方便更容易查看的工具LogCat。工具类——android.util.Log(详细看这里：图解LogCat的用法)
(4) 发布测试，有时候我们常常要发布到真机上看看真实的效果，可以在真机上安装一个FTPServer，这样release之后直接copy到机器上，安装就很方便了。另外自己准备一个key文件，每次发布都用一个key可以保证覆盖安装。

最后贴上完整代码：

package android.study.TestApp5_SmsApp;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.provider.Contacts.People;
import android.telephony.gsm.SmsManager;
import android.telephony.gsm.SmsMessage;
import android.text.method.ScrollingMovementMethod;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class TestApp5_SmsApp extends Activity {
	
	private static final String BASE_URL = "http://%s/RestWcfSMSSvc";
	private static final String SET_DATA = "/setdata";
	private static final String GET_DATA = "/getdata";
	private Handler mHandler = null;
	private TextView mTxtRuntimeInfo;
	private TextView mTxtLog;
	private EditText mTxtServerIP;
	private Button mBtnStart;
	private Timer mTimer;
	private SmsReceiver receiver;
	private String mServerBaseUrl;
	private LinkedList<String> mLogQueue;
	
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        
        // 控件初始化
        mTxtRuntimeInfo = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.txtRuntimeInfo);
        mBtnStart = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btnStart);
        mTxtServerIP = (EditText)this.findViewById(R.id.txtServerIP);
        mTxtLog = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.txtLog);
        mServerBaseUrl = String.format(BASE_URL, mTxtServerIP.getText());
        mTxtLog.setMovementMethod(ScrollingMovementMethod.getInstance()); 
        mLogQueue = new LinkedList<String>();  
        // 实例化自定义的 SmsReceiver
        receiver = new SmsReceiver();        
        
        // 定义Handler
        mHandler = new Handler() {
	        @Override
	        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
	            super.handleMessage(msg);
	            //handler处理消息
	            mTxtRuntimeInfo.setText(msg.getData().getString("tickInfo"));
	            if(msg.what > 0){
	                //在handler里更改UI组件
	            	String runtimeInfo = msg.getData().getString("runtimeInfo");
	            	if (runtimeInfo.length() > 0) {
	            		if (mLogQueue.size() > 10)
	            			mLogQueue.poll();
	            		
	            		String strLog = msg.getData().getString("runtimeInfo");
	            		mLogQueue.offer(strLog);
	            		mTxtLog.setText("");
		            	for(int i = mLogQueue.size()-1; i>0; i--) {
		            		mTxtLog.append(mLogQueue.get(i));
		            		mTxtLog.append("/n---------/n");
		            	}
	            	}
	            }
	        }
        };
        
        mBtnStart.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				if (mBtnStart.getText().equals("Start")) {
					start();
				}
				else {
					stop();
				}
			}
        });        
    }
    
    @Override
	protected void onDestroy() {
		super.onDestroy();
		mTimer.cancel();
	}
	private void start() {
    	try {
    		mBtnStart.setText("Stop");
			mTxtLog.setText("");
			// 启动Timer
			mTimer = new Timer();
			mTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
				@Override
				public void run() {
					// 发送
					SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
					String tickInfo = df.format(new Date()).toString();
					SimpleDateFormat dfForLog = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
					String runtimeInfo = "(" + dfForLog.format(new Date()).toString() + ")";
					Message msg = new Message();
					msg.what = 0;
					try {
						// 获取要发送的短信
						WebClient client = new WebClient();
						String result = client.doGet(mServerBaseUrl + GET_DATA);
						if (result.length() > 0) {
							JSONObject json = new JSONObject(result);
							String phone = json.getString("Phone");
							String content = json.getString("Content");
							sendSms(phone, content);
							msg.what = 1;
							runtimeInfo += "[S][OK]" + phone + ":" + content;
						}
					} catch (Exception e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
						msg.what = 1;
						runtimeInfo += "[S][ERR]" + e.getMessage();
					}
					Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
					bundle.putString("tickInfo", tickInfo);
					bundle.putString("runtimeInfo", runtimeInfo);
					msg.setData(bundle);
					mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
				}
			}, 1000, 10000); // 延迟1000ms启动，每10000ms运行一次
			
			IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
	        // 为 BroadcastReceiver 指定 action ，使之用于接收同 action 的广播
	        filter.addAction("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED");
	        // 注册
	        this.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
	        
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			disp(e.getMessage());
		}
    }
    
    private void stop() {
    	mBtnStart.setText("Start");
    	if (mTimer != null) {
    		mTimer.cancel();
    	}
    	if (receiver != null) {
    		// 取消注册
    		this.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
    	}
    }
    
    private void disp(String msg) {
    	Toast.makeText(this.getApplicationContext(), msg, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
    
    private boolean sendSms(String phone, String content) {
    	SmsManager sms = SmsManager.getDefault();
    	List<String> texts = sms.divideMessage(content);
    	//逐条发送短信
        for(String text:texts) {
            sms.sendTextMessage(phone, null, text, null, null);
        }
        return true;
    }
    
    // 实现一个 BroadcastReceiver，用于接收指定的 Broadcast
    // 调用 SetData 传输到 WCF 端
    public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    	private static final String ACTION_NAME = "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED";
    	
	    @Override
	    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
	    	SimpleDateFormat dfForLog = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
			String runtimeInfo = "(" + dfForLog.format(new Date()).toString() + ")";
			Message msg = new Message();
			msg.what = 0;
	    	try {
				if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION_NAME)) {
						 Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
						 if (bundle != null) {
							 Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
							 SmsMessage[] sms = new SmsMessage[pdus.length];
							 for (int i = 0; i < pdus.length; i++) {
								 sms[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) pdus[i]);
							 }
							 // 获取短信内容
							 String phone = "";
							 String content = "";
							 String name = "";
							 for (SmsMessage currMsg : sms) {
								 phone = currMsg.getDisplayOriginatingAddress();
								 content = currMsg.getDisplayMessageBody();
							 }
							 phone = phone.replace("+86", "");
							 // 查询联系人
							 Cursor curr = managedQuery(People.CONTENT_URI, 
									           new String[] { People.NAME },  
										       People.NUMBER + " like ?",   
										       new String[] { "%" + phone },  
										       People.NAME                    
									       );
							 if (curr.moveToFirst()) {
								 name = curr.getString(0);
							 }
							 // 将数据传到WCF端
							 WebClient client = new WebClient();
							 JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
							 json.put("Phone", phone);
							 json.put("Content", content);
							 json.put("Name", name);
							 String result = client.doPost(mServerBaseUrl + SET_DATA, 
									 json.toString(), "application/json");
							 msg.what = 1;
							 runtimeInfo += "[G][OK]" + phone + "(" + name + "):" + content;
						 }
				  }
	    	} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				msg.what = 1;
				runtimeInfo += "[G][Err]" + e.getMessage();
			}
			Bundle bundle1 = new Bundle();
			bundle1.putString("runtimeInfo", runtimeInfo);
			msg.setData(bundle1);
			mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
	  }
   }
    
}